John Lasseter, head of Skydance Animations, once said, “Art challenges technology and technology inspires art.” This statement perfectly captures this evolution. His groundbreaking work at Pixar exemplifies the synergy between creativity and technology, which is now reshaping performing arts. This fusion breaks traditional stage boundaries today, offering audiences immersive, interactive experiences.
In India, performing arts have embraced this evolution. A 2022 survey by the Ministry of Culture revealed that 72 percent of Indian cultural performances now leverage digital platforms. High-definition video and live-streaming technology bring performances from remote villages to global audiences, amplifying their impact. Platforms like YouTube and Instagram democratise access, enabling artists to maintain cultural integrity while reaching new creative frontiers.
This ongoing interplay between art and technology is driving constant innovation. Artists are embracing tools like augmented reality (AR), holograms, and digital platforms to reimagine storytelling, audience engagement, and global outreach. By harnessing these advancements, performing arts continue to evolve, offering new opportunities for creativity, cultural preservation, and worldwide connection.
Indian performing arts, from classical forms like Bharatanatyam and Kathak to contemporary genres like stand-up comedy, thrive on live performances that evoke emotional and intellectual responses. Historically, these arts were confined to physical spaces like temples, theatres, and festivals, but digital technology has revolutionised access and audience engagement. In the AR and VR market, the number of users in India is expected to amount to 770.3 million by 2029. Revenue in the AR and VR market in India is projected to reach $789.0 million in 2024.
The evolution of Indian performing arts is a testament to the dynamic interplay between tradition and innovation. Technology has revolutionised accessibility, breaking barriers for performers and audiences alike. Once limited to physical spaces like theatres or live events, performances are now available online, allowing for unprecedented interaction and global reach. This shift enables artists to maintain the cultural integrity of their art while exploring new creative frontiers. For example, a Bharatanatyam dancer can now live-stream performances worldwide and engage with their audience in real-time through social media or live-streaming platforms. This digital transformation redefines how Indian performing arts are consumed, making them more interactive and inclusive.
The pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital platforms for performing arts in India. According to a 2024 Ormax report, performing arts companies in India adopted online streaming platforms to reach wider audiences, significantly increasing their viewership by over 50 percent. For instance, Bharatanatyam dancer Rukmini Vijayakumar’s live-streamed performances during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed audiences worldwide to experience traditional Indian dance.
Stand-up comedy viewership on YouTube grew by 40 percent between 2019 and 2023, highlighting its appeal among younger audiences. Comedians like Vir Das and Zakir Khan leveraged platforms like YouTube and Instagram to reach global audiences, engaging fans in real-time via live streams. Over the last decade, India’s stand-up comedy scene has flourished, with increased audience engagement and collaborations with OTT platforms leading to new content avenues. This trend has fuelled demand for live shows, with 10,000 to 15,000 tickets sold weekly in major cities.
Unlike static art forms, performing arts are dynamic and shaped by real-time feedback. Audience reactions play a vital role, fostering a shared experience that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries while shaping future performances.
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Technology’s role in preserving and innovating Indian performing arts
The rich tradition of Indian performing arts is evolving alongside technology, offering immersive experiences and pushing creative boundaries. Platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Zoom have democratised the arts, expanding access beyond urban centres to remote areas. According to a FICCI-EY report (2022), India’s digital content market grew by 29 percent in 2021, with over 500 million online video viewers. This growth allows artists to reach global audiences and monetise their work.
Smartphone penetration, with over 750 million users and affordable data plans (TRAI, 2022), has empowered emerging artists to create, share, and promote their performances independently. Technologies like VR and AR are further enhancing storytelling. For example, the NCPA in Mumbai uses its YouTube channel to preserve and share Indian classical art. At the same time, Akram Khan incorporated VR in his production “Outwitting the Devil” for a global audience.
These advancements reshape the performing arts landscape, fostering community and engagement. By blending tradition with modern technology, Indian performing arts continue to thrive, making cultural heritage accessible and relevant in the digital era.
Expanding reach through digital platforms
The rise of digital technology has revolutionised how audiences engage with performing arts. Streaming platforms, social media, VR, and AR offer unparalleled access, enabling audiences to enjoy performances anytime, anywhere. This shift has fostered deeper engagement through immersive and interactive experiences, making the arts more accessible than ever.
Platforms like HCL Concerts exemplify this transformation. Their virtual “Baithak” series and the “Great Indian Classical Podcast” have been crucial in promoting Indian classical arts and preserving cultural heritage while appealing to younger, tech-savvy audiences. These initiatives highlight how traditional art forms adapt and thrive on modern digital mediums.
India’s digital audience for cultural content is rapidly expanding, with platforms like YouTube and social media driving the dissemination of performances and educational materials. Classical vocalist Nirali Kartik’s podcast series, blending storytelling with insights into performance, bridges the gap between traditional and contemporary platforms, bringing rich cultural experiences to audiences across India and the globe.
This digital transformation is about preserving the past and embracing innovation within the Indian performing arts ecosystem. By breaking traditional constraints, digital platforms have fostered inclusivity and creativity, opening new avenues for artists to reach diverse audiences while continuing to honour their cultural roots.
Conclusion: The future of Indian performing arts in the digital age
As technology reshapes how art is experienced, we must ask: How can traditional art forms evolve while preserving their cultural essence? The key lies in balancing innovation with authenticity. The digital transformation of Indian performing arts exemplifies this harmony, unlocking new realms of creativity, interaction, and global reach.
The future of Indian performing arts is unfolding in extraordinary ways, blending tradition with technology to craft unique experiences. With global platforms and immersive tools amplifying their impact, the question arises: What lies ahead for these ancient art forms in a rapidly evolving digital era? The possibilities are boundless.
About the authors: Mohini Arora is a teaching associate in management communication, and Ashneet Kaur is an assistant professor of organisation and leadership studies at the SP Jain Institute of Management and Research (SPJIMR).
Views are personal.
A 2022 survey by the Ministry of Culture revealed that 72 percent of Indian cultural performances now leverage digital platforms.